論瑪莎‧納斯邦（Martha C. Nussbaum）的動物正義論

王萱茹（中央大學哲學研究所博士候選人）

全文pdf檔

摘要：

　　本文主要闡釋納斯邦的「能力進路」觀點，說明其如何透過此觀點，為動物建立必須受到保障的基本權益。另一方面，本文也將指出納斯邦理論的缺失及不足，尤其是在解決人類與動物之間的能力發展衝突之部分，納斯邦對此亦無法給予明確的方向。因此，筆者將從三個部分的討論，解決此問題：第一、是人類與動物之間「生命價值的序列」（the order of value of life）；第二、「能力分層」（levels of capabilities）的探討；第三、即是根據能力進路中建構「道德原則」（moral principles），並且解決這些衝突的狀況。筆者期望在透過這些觀點的論述之後，能夠重新建構納斯邦的論述，並使其理論更臻於完善。
 
關鍵詞：能力進路、正義、動物、生命價值序列、能力分層、道德原則

On Martha C. Nussbaum’s View of the Theory of Animal Justice

Wang, Hsuan-ju *

ABSTRACT:

This paper explores Nussbaum’s “capabilities approach” and shows how she built up the basic entitlements of animals through this approach. On the other hand, I also point out the shortcomings of Nussbaum’s theory, especially the part she dealt with the conflicts between humans and animals in terms of capabilities development, which she does not provide a clear solution. I propose solutions for Nussbaum’s problem in a threefold analysis. The first is the order of value of life of humans and animals. Second, I try to establish different levels of capabilities. Finally, certain moral principles are constructed according to the capabilities approach to help us to solve the conflicts. As a result, Nussbaum’s theory would solve more satisfactorily some of the issues of animal justice.
 
Keywords: Capabilities approach, justice, animals, the order of value of life, the concept of levels of capabilities, moral principles

* Ph.D. Candidate, Graduate Institute of Philosophy, National Central University