論瑪莎‧納斯邦(Martha C. Nussbaum)的動物正義論
王萱茹(中央大學哲學研究所博士候選人)
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摘要:
本文主要闡釋納斯邦的「能力進路」觀點,說明其如何透過此觀點,為動物建立必須受到保障的基本權益。另一方面,本文也將指出納斯邦理論的缺失及不足,尤其是在解決人類與動物之間的能力發展衝突之部分,納斯邦對此亦無法給予明確的方向。因此,筆者將從三個部分的討論,解決此問題:第一、是人類與動物之間「生命價值的序列」(the order of value of life);第二、「能力分層」(levels of capabilities)的探討;第三、即是根據能力進路中建構「道德原則」(moral principles),並且解決這些衝突的狀況。筆者期望在透過這些觀點的論述之後,能夠重新建構納斯邦的論述,並使其理論更臻於完善。
關鍵詞:能力進路、正義、動物、生命價值序列、能力分層、道德原則
On Martha C. Nussbaum’s View of the Theory of Animal Justice
Wang, Hsuan-ju *
ABSTRACT:
This paper explores Nussbaum’s “capabilities approach” and shows how she built up the basic entitlements of animals through this approach. On the other hand, I also point out the shortcomings of Nussbaum’s theory, especially the part she dealt with the conflicts between humans and animals in terms of capabilities development, which she does not provide a clear solution. I propose solutions for Nussbaum’s problem in a threefold analysis. The first is the order of value of life of humans and animals. Second, I try to establish different levels of capabilities. Finally, certain moral principles are constructed according to the capabilities approach to help us to solve the conflicts. As a result, Nussbaum’s theory would solve more satisfactorily some of the issues of animal justice.
Keywords: Capabilities approach, justice, animals, the order of value of life, the concept of levels of capabilities, moral principles
* Ph.D. Candidate, Graduate Institute of Philosophy, National Central University